Body image - comment people think of their own body - attractive, large, chop - influence self-attitudes and behaviour. Attitudes are often closely related to the standards of beauty in a culture. In most cultures, women are more affected by these standards than men. Expenditure of mental and physical energy, time and money on new is considered more normal and acceptable for women than for men.
Sociologists have found that people tend to compare to the images in the way an 'ideal,' body should look like. These images, in turn, are shaped by what considers it culture as alluring in terms of height, weight, proportions, the face of traits, color, length of the members and other physical characteristics. They are also aware of their surroundings, their messages to give either implicitly or explicitly, on how they look. Individuals tend to be more concerned about their appearance in cultures that emphasize considers them and transmit images many posts regarding the appearance and "good looks". In some cultures, people focus on their appearance than their achievements and their personality.
Chinese woman feet pose for portrait studio
In modern times, the mass media has become a powerful force in the dissemination of cultural attitudes on new. The standards of beauty, which exist in all societies, are often relatively narrow. For example, for centuries, women in China found their feet to reach the cultural ideal - a foot that measured about 4 inches long. Do not reach this standard could profoundly affect self-image of women, because women do the feet were larger were not considered as to marry. During the 1950s and 1960s in the United States, measures stereotypically ideal of society for a woman were a bust of 36-inch and 24-inch size 36 inch hips.
From the end of the 20th century the "ideal in Western culture for men and women was a thin body"equipment". The standard of the "ideal" female body had gradually become thinner in the 1970s. Some observers believe that this trend began in the 1960s when an English teenager nicknamed Twiggy ("That. At 5'7, weighs about 90 pounds) has become a popular model.
Also different 'looks' coming and going, moving women confront and often contradictory beauty ideals. They can point out in the face of characters, watch for example look sexy and erotic against an innocent or not warned. Sometimes, these looks are combined in the ideals of the beauty of a culture at the same time. Women who match any of the ideals may find it difficult to acquire a positive body image.
Product beauty 1925 announcement
Girls and young women began obsessed with body image in a meaningful way in the 1920s. Studies of adolescent girls in the United States have shown that they are more and more insecure and negative in their feelings about their appearance, an increase that is correlated with low self esteem. Adolescent girls are generally more concerned about their appearance that is adolescents, even if young people seem to be expressing these concerns in recent years. Girls worry about their general shape and size as well as individual characteristics.
Researchers Linda Sanford and Mary Ellen Donovan concluded that women often regard their bodies as a problem because our culture teaches women that they must be quite worthy and implementing standards of beauty that are unhealthy and inaccessible. Bad body image that underlie a variety of adjustment problems is largely a product of social conditioning.
Ideas on body image can show a distorted thinking. Surveys conducted throughout the years 1980 and 1990 have shown that more than half of American women surveyed the dissatisfied with their body, especially their weight. Statistics, however, showed that less than one level of woman exceeded the normal weight for their height set by insurance companies. During the 1990s, statistics show that, at a given time, 70% of women in the United States have been on the reduction of the regimes.
Young woman looks at her reflection
According to various observers, the idea that a body must be thin to be attractive is a beauty "myth," a misconception that leads people to feel bad about them. Critics believe that these standards may lead to low self-esteem and eating disorders in susceptible people, especially adolescents.
Some studies have shown differences in how different racial and ethnic groups discovered their bodies. Nikki Teufel, Ph.D., a nutritional anthropologist, a fermentation of adolescents of different cultures and ethnic groups. She found that young African-American and Native American women have changed and more open attitudes on their bodies that young English women. Other researchers have found similar results. Short-changing girls, Shortchanging America, a study sponsored by the American Association of University Women found that 45 percent of black women aged 22 to 49 said they were "attractive", % to 30% of white women.
Analysts have concluded that the reason for this discrepancy is in black and white women's traditional roles and models of femininity. They are learning while they grow up. Educator Mary Williams Burgher note that for white women, the model of European womanhood-' delicacy, innocence and impotence idealized "-it was rarely part of the outlook of the black woman. His African American heritage stressed the strength of character and 'a stubborn sense of self' as key values for women.
Veiled women walk in Iran
Studies have been conducted to compare the satisfaction of the body of women in the United States and in countries where the media are not images of American-style of women. By forbidden are Western media example, in Iran, and Iranian television women generally wear clothing which contains the largest part of the body. A study comparing the attitudes of college women in these two countries has found that Iranian women scored much higher in terms of satisfaction of the body. Researcher in psychology Daisuke Akiba University Brown said. "" Promotion of difficult-to-achieve body of materials types is superfluous absent in Iran. ". She concludes that when women are rarely exposed to these images ideal and unattainable, they are more likely to be satisfied with their own bodies.
Studies show that they also have concerns about their physical appearance and men may feel ashamed of certain parts of the body and also they are more sensitive to their appearance. Comparisons of the various studies concluded that the men interviewed in the 1970s were more satisfied with their bodies than a comparable group of men interviewed in the 1980s. In UN 1972 survey 15% of surveyed men said they were not satisfied with their general appearance, a number that has risen to 34% in a 1987 studies.
Physical NEI seems to be a growing problem for men today. Great images of men, lean, muscular appeared more on magazines and other media mass. More magazines suppertime.6 men on looks, fitness and called by the staff are published, and companies develop more products for personal care and cosmetic and advertising being aimed at men.
Other References
Bromberg, Joan Jacobs. The project of the Organization: A history intimate with American girls. New York: Random House, 1997; Seid, Roberta Pollack. Never too thin: Why women are at war with their bodies. New York: Prentice Hall, 1989. Sierra, Victoria. For appearance ' sake: L 'Historical encyclopedia d' aesthetics, beauty and grooming. " Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001.
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