Aviation security has begun as a reagent, driven by industry and became a proactive process, driven by the government. The most important transformations were made following the events of September 11. However, the history of terrorist attacks on civil aviation is certainly not began September 11. Until then, hijacking was the foremost concern of aviation security.
The public became more concerned in criminal activities involving aircraft during hijacking aircraft began to make headlines on a regular basis. Throughout history, hijacking had occurred with sailing ships, trains and buses of the scene. However, when the aircraft became the target, the term hijacking was invented.
Although the skyjackings would have been much earlier, the Prime Minister self-employed incident an American airliner took place May 1, 1961, XXIX so a wave of skyjackings. It all started when a man in a constraint an airliner en route from Miami to Key West, Fla., make a detour to Cuba. It was the first of the four flights hijacked to Cuba this year. Skyjackings were considered immoral acts, involving usually escape repression, political terrorism or extortion. In 1968, he had 22 attempts to escape by forcing the aircraft of the United States to Cuba; 18 of them were successful. Later, the policy of terrorism directed against the United States and Israel has resulted in the destruction of four aircraft jet.
Sketch of d. B. Cooper
Provisional extortion of success only has occurred in 1971, when United Nations skyjacker received $200,000 from Northwest Airlines and then Sauté in parachute from the aircraft. The story is reported as follows: when a Boeing 727 taking off from Portland, Oregon, en route to Seattle, Washington, a man fr seat 18 c has delivered a note to flight attendant who said he had a bomb on board and would jump to the top of the aircraft, unless he received $200,000 and four parachutes when the plane landed. He had bought the ticket under the name of "Dan Cooper", aka the famous D. B. Cooper. After receiving the money and parachutes in Seattle, 36 passengers from it come out and two crew members. He then ordered the crew remaining and pilot aeroplane in Mexico City. At 10,000 feet over an area north of Portland, it jumped by parachute from the rear stairway of the plane. The case remains unsolved.
After four skyjackings in the United States in 1961, air piracy became punishable by 20 years in prison or death under US law. In 1963, hijacking was addressed among several nations of the Organization of international civil aviation (ICAO), through the Tokyo Convention, which required the return of aircraft and passengers and for the prosecution the authors of international law. Some of the nations who participated in the convention have not changed their own laws harmonization with the recommendations. Still others while just any ignored the case. In 1964, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) intervened and has specified that cockpit doors be locked pendant volumes. In 1969, he authorized physical searches of passengers at the discretion of the airlines. These efforts, however, resulted in no significant improvement.
Passenger airlines through security airport metal detector
On believes that reduction would leave the skyjackings, which fell from an average of 72 per one worldwide during the period from 1969 to 1972 less than 29 by one for the next ten years, was the result of improved means of deterrence and preventive measures: armed security officers have been introduced in 1970with the public to warrant killing; more es screening of passengers and baggage began in 1972; and the new requirements stated that American airlines would be inspector all carry-on luggage and all passengers with the peripheral screen metal detection. In 1974, 25 of possible hijacking attempts had been avoided, with 2,400 weapons firearms confiscated at US airports. The institution of these more stringent screening procedures resulted in a significant reduction in the skyjackings, American planes.
The period of relative calm which tracked extended for about a decade; Then, faith in the aviation security not jounce American citizens were dissolved on December 21, 1988, when flight Pan Am 103 jumped into the sky over Lockerbie, in Scotland. He was an U.S. carrier, with 180 US nationals on board. Flight was born at the "London Heathrow International Airport and was headed to the airport international John F. Kennedy in New York. '' all 243 passengers and members of ' 16 crew were killed, as well as 11 people on the ground.
Lockable bombing
Lockable loss resulted from the detonation of a small bomb (also of perhaps little plastic explosives from an on the paper) inside a cassette radio suitcase a player in. The bomb blew a 20-inch hole in the forward cargo compartment. In contrast to the volumes of 9/11, in which committed suicide of 19 terrorists so carries out their missions, the bag containing an explosive device has been balanced to a terrorist on horseback until ' died on the same flight.
For many years, the protection of the aircraft was considered the responsibility first of the industry, the airlines for the aircraft itself and the preferred airport for landing and terminal facilities. However, the destruction of the Pan Am Lockerbie 747 in December 1988 drew the attention of the world to the fact that a very significant loss may result from terrorism and other criminal acts. Government intervention provided for the establishment of the Commission of la raison blanch on aviation safety and security (GORE Commission), which, from among his vast conclusions and recommendations, pointed out that the federal Government should consider as a matter of security aviation security national and financing of the United Nations to provide important for the capital improvement. In other words, attacks against U.S. air carriers were now to take into account the attacks against the United States and culture, rather than a specific airline policy.
Other References
Clay, g. "unmask d. B. Cooper. '' by New York Magazine, October 22, 2007; Bureau of civil aviation security. Unlawful acts against civil aviation. The Federal Aviation Administration, 1994; Paul Seidenstat and Francis X. Splane, ed. Protecting passengers from airlines in an era of terrorism. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2009; Thomas, Andrew R, paragraph., ed. Management of aviation safety. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2008; Transportation Security Administration. Http://www.TSA.gov.
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