Several governments and peoples around the world currently hold anti-American feelings. Some are opposed to policies and actions of the American government, while others think that American culture and values are defective. Television news is often anti-American demonstrations in foreign countries. Images of American flags and effigies of American leaders being burned are common. The feeling is real and obvious. The many causes of anti-American sentiment, however, are considered legitimate by some and questionable by others. Anti-American sentiment critics say generally anti-American demonstrations are caused by the stereotypes of Americans; in this case, it is assumed that all Americans have the same values and beliefs which are in opposition, regardless of the beliefs and values are held by people outside the United States. On the other hand, those who are sympathetic to the "anti-Americanism usually attribute it to policies and practices of the American government or businesses. They argue that events like the war in Iraq draw opposition to the United States, but not necessarily to individual Americans.
Earth English at Virginia
Anti-American sentiment exists since before the creation of the United States of America. Europeans saw in America of the North as a devastated world, filled with people, animals and plants strange and barbaric. They believed that culture could never be equipment in such a place. Even in the 19th and 20th centuries, many Europeans did not recognize the American achievements. They have blamed industrialization of the United States as something that was too driven benefit of nominal and that amateur on individualism. Anti-Americanism to policies and actions undertaken by the Americans back to the independence movement in Texas in the early 1830s, when American settlers wanted to break with the Mexican and join with the United States. The annexation of Texas and the ensuing during the 1846-1848 Mexican-American war was considered evidence of many Latin Americans that the United States - known as the 'Colossus of the North' - wanted to control their country. This perception was reinforced by various expeditions of filibustering and tries to seize Cuba for slave-holding interests. American domination of Latin American and the occupation of Cuba and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American war economies confirmed the suspicions of American interests in the region. Support from the United States to the rebels who declared the "independence of Panama from Colombia in 1903 the wrath of many Latin Americans. When this law was quickly followed by an agreement for the construction of a canal and to allow American interference protects the canal zone, the anti-American sentiment only grew stronger.
Honor guard salutes Shah
The first and second world war increased economic involvement and policy American and standing in the world, leading to competition with other countries. In the second half of the 20th century, American involvement in the cold war and the Middle East contributed to anti-Americanism. During the Viet Nam war, anti-American sentiment was strong in the world because of what was generally regarded as a new colonialism. Sometimes, political and special events led to perceptions of the United States as having a perverse nature. During the 1950s, the British and the Americans engineered officers overthrow a democratically elected government in Iran and the restoration of the rule of Shah. In the 1970s, activists in Iran and other states commonly in the United States as the "Great Satan" because of its history in the region and its support for Israel. All subsequent U.S. policies were so contaminated and subject to criticism. Since 2003, the presence of U.S. forces in Iraq still inflamed anti-American sentiment, especially in the Muslim world. The US claims to be the only superpower and the unilateral actions of the Bush administration have annoyed many.
American economic values also lead to an anti-American sentiment. According to some activists who support the artisans and indigenous peasants, the move towards globalization since the early 1980s is another example of American domination. The indigenous peoples of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and other parts of Latin America have resented the power than U.S. companies brandished in their countries. In developing countries, transnational corporations have exploited the main-d ' excellent work market, extracted from natural resources and pollution of air and water. In addition, small manufacturers in other countries find that they cannot compete not with cheap products imported from the United States. Violence against the globalisation of mechanisms, such as the World Bank, has become common, and many protesters consider globalization as an American policy.
Estonian of internet cafe sign
Cultural imperialism is another source of globalization, leading to anti-Americanism. Citizens in other countries with strong nationalist identity badly supports the growth of American ideas and values among their people. The spread of such American inventions like rock and roll, the culture of fast food and American terms were considered a challenge to Aboriginal cultures, as well as the implicit assumption that American culture is superior. The popularity of television, such as MTV and Disney networks, sowed the U.S. culture, moral and ideals of beauty to the younger generations in other countries. While the specific emissions are welcomed and adapted to geographic locations, such as France or the Brazil, the concepts and programming are based on American cultural norms. The growth of the Internet, is dominated by an American presence, causing many to fear that their own culture is being undermined. Even mild projects such as Google plan to digitize millions of books, are suspected of trying to make the works of English-language more accessible than those in other languages.
Many Americans believe that the current wave of anti-American sentiment will decrease thereafter. They point to the latest photos d'anti-Americanism around the world and the gradual return of a greater empathy with the United States. Some critics of anti-American sentiment to reject as propaganda used by a minority that opposes or cravings American ideals; These skeptics consider the perceptions of the United States which threaten local traditions and culture as irrational and xenophobic. They the comparer to anti-Semitism, arguing that both are attacks against a powerful and successful minority perceived that supposedly seeks to control the world, even though no evidence of such a conspiracy exists.
Nome Chomsky
According to some observers, see the other hand, this rejection of anti-American sentiment as a fundamental failure to recognize and investigate a problem. Nome Chomsky, a critic of U.S. policy since the 1960s, a comparative of dismissal an anti-American sentiment of military dictatorships or totalitarian states. For instance, anti-Sovietism Chomsky points out that during the existence of the Soviet Union, has been used for justifier imprisonment or the murder of opponents of the system. Similarly, it considers that charges d'anti-Americanism used to discredit dissidents of practices and American policies. Chomsky and others, such as Brendon O'Connor, underline that some anti-American sentiment studies the not was intellectually solid or unbiased. Instead, these studies have focused on the defence of the status quo.
Anti-American sentiment is a genuine problem, regardless of its causes. In the 2000s, opinion surveys around the world by Zogby International and the Pew Research Center indicated that positive feelings towards the United States have reached a level lower than any other time. The threat of such sentiments is real. Anti-American sentiment may destabilize or threaten governments who are dressed to the United States. Anti-Americanism can affect the fiscal health of the United States by provoking boycotts and other actions. Anti-American sentiment may foster the development of terrorist networks. These feelings can lead to isolation of the United States and its inability to achieve the objectives without resorting to force.
Other References
Chomsky, Noam. Failed States: The abuse of power and breach of democracy. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 2007; Hollander, Paul, ed. Understanding anti-Americanism: its origins and Impact at Home and Abroad. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Publisher, 2005; Katzenstein, Peter J. and Robert o. Keohane, ed. Anti-Americansim on the diplomatic scene. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006; Ross, Andrew and Kristin Ross. Anti-Americanism. New York: New York University Press, 2004.
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